diff --git a/fe-app-tachyon/package-lock.json b/fe-app-tachyon/package-lock.json
index d3fdde9a..3afcfd5b 100644
--- a/fe-app-tachyon/package-lock.json
+++ b/fe-app-tachyon/package-lock.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "fe-app-tachyon",
-  "version": "1.2.17",
+  "version": "1.2.20",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "fe-app-tachyon",
-      "version": "1.2.17",
+      "version": "1.2.20",
       "license": "MIT",
       "devDependencies": {
         "@babel/parser": "7.28.4",
diff --git a/fe-app-tachyon/package.json b/fe-app-tachyon/package.json
index 116919c2..ddfe9363 100644
--- a/fe-app-tachyon/package.json
+++ b/fe-app-tachyon/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "fe-app-tachyon",
-  "version": "1.2.17",
+  "version": "1.2.20",
   "license": "MIT",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/common.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/common.uc
index bba6c761..82928b35 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/common.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/common.uc
@@ -159,14 +159,9 @@ function command_success_from_args(args) {
 }
 
 function command_capture(command) {
-    let output = "";
     let p = fs.popen(command, "r");
     if (!p) return null;
-    let chunk;
-    while ((chunk = p.read('all')) != null) {
-        if (length(chunk) == 0) break;
-        output += chunk;
-    }
+    let output = as_string(p.read("all") || "");
     let status = p.close();
     status = status > 255 ? int(status / 256) : status;
     return { status: status, output: output };
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/url.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/url.uc
index c600fc90..c5d88ace 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/url.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/core/url.uc
@@ -18,35 +18,42 @@ function first_index_any(value, needles, start) {
     return -1;
 }
 
-function hex_digit_value(value) {
-    value = ord(lc(as_string(value)));
-    if (value >= 48 && value <= 57)
-        return value - 48;
-    if (value >= 97 && value <= 102)
-        return value - 87;
+function hex_digit_value(code) {
+    if (code >= 48 && code <= 57)
+        return code - 48;
+    if (code >= 97 && code <= 102)
+        return code - 87;
+    if (code >= 65 && code <= 70)
+        return code - 55;
     return -1;
 }
 
 function decode(value) {
     value = as_string(value);
-    let result = "";
+    if (index(value, "%") < 0 && index(value, "+") < 0)
+        return value;
 
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let c = substr(value, i, 1);
-        if (c == "+") {
+    let result = "";
+    let len = length(value);
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        let code = ord(value, i);
+        if (code == 43) {
             result += " ";
             continue;
         }
-        if (c == "%") {
-            let high = i + 1 < length(value) ? hex_digit_value(substr(value, i + 1, 1)) : -1;
-            let low = i + 2 < length(value) ? hex_digit_value(substr(value, i + 2, 1)) : -1;
-            if (high >= 0 && low >= 0) {
-                result += chr(high * 16 + low);
-                i += 2;
-                continue;
+        if (code == 37) {
+            if (i + 2 < len) {
+                let high = hex_digit_value(ord(value, i + 1));
+                let low = hex_digit_value(ord(value, i + 2));
+                if (high >= 0 && low >= 0) {
+                    result += chr(high * 16 + low);
+                    i += 2;
+                    continue;
+                }
             }
         }
-        result += c;
+        result += chr(code);
     }
 
     return result;
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/lifecycle.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/lifecycle.uc
index 69f232d3..af1f39a4 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/lifecycle.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/lifecycle.uc
@@ -202,13 +202,10 @@ function external_config_fingerprint() {
     return join("\n", lines);
 }
 
-function trim(value) {
-    return replace(as_string(value), /^[ \t\r\n]+|[ \t\r\n]+$/g, "");
-}
-
 function owner_pid() {
-    let pid = trim(command_output_from_args([ "sh", "-c", "echo $PPID" ]));
-    return match(pid, /^[0-9]+$/) != null ? pid : "0";
+    let status = fs.readfile("/proc/self/status") || "";
+    let m = match(status, /PPid:\s+([0-9]+)/);
+    return m ? m[1] : "0";
 }
 
 function bool_text(value) {
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/state.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/state.uc
index 9e827027..6a2d8a00 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/state.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/state.uc
@@ -202,13 +202,12 @@ function numeric_text(value) {
 }
 
 function current_epoch() {
-    let value = command_trimmed_output_from_args([ "date", "+%s" ]);
-    return numeric_text(value) ? value : "0";
+    return as_string(time());
 }
 
 function current_year() {
-    let value = command_trimmed_output_from_args([ "date", "+%Y" ]);
-    return numeric_text(value) ? int(value) : null;
+    let tm = localtime(time());
+    return tm ? tm.year + 1900 : null;
 }
 
 function time_sync_needed(year) {
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/watchdog.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/watchdog.uc
index 988dc089..1b090e4b 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/watchdog.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/service/watchdog.uc
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function send_telegram_notification(message) {
 }
 
 function process_running(pid) {
-    return match(as_string(pid), /^[0-9]+$/) != null && command_success_from_args([ "kill", "-0", pid ]);
+    return match(as_string(pid), /^[0-9]+$/) != null && fs.stat("/proc/" + pid) != null;
 }
 
 function stop_runtime() {
@@ -361,21 +361,42 @@ function worker() {
             }
         }
 
-        let pids = split(trim(command_output_from_args(["pidof", binary_name])), /\s+/);
-        let pid = (length(pids) > 0 && pids[0] != "") ? pids[0] : "";
+        let pid = "";
+        let proc = fs.opendir("/proc");
+        if (proc) {
+            let entry;
+            while ((entry = proc.read()) != null) {
+                if (match(entry, /^[0-9]+$/)) {
+                    let exe = fs.readlink("/proc/" + entry + "/exe") || "";
+                    let slash = rindex(exe, "/");
+                    if ((slash >= 0 ? substr(exe, slash + 1) : exe) == binary_name) {
+                        pid = entry;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            proc.close();
+        }
         
         let list_update_pid = trim(fs.readfile("/var/run/tachyon_list_update.pid") || "");
         let list_update_running = process_running(list_update_pid);
 
         let tachyon_cli_running = false;
-        let tachyon_cli_pids = split(trim(command_output_from_args(["pgrep", "-f", "/usr/bin/tachyon "])), /\s+/);
-        for (let cli_pid in tachyon_cli_pids) {
-            if (cli_pid == "") continue;
-            let cmdline = trim(command_output_from_args(["cat", "/proc/" + cli_pid + "/cmdline"]) || "");
-            if (index(cmdline, "start") >= 0 || index(cmdline, "restart") >= 0 || index(cmdline, "reload") >= 0 || index(cmdline, "stop") >= 0) {
-                tachyon_cli_running = true;
-                break;
+        proc = fs.opendir("/proc");
+        if (proc) {
+            let entry;
+            while ((entry = proc.read()) != null) {
+                if (match(entry, /^[0-9]+$/)) {
+                    let cmdline = fs.readfile("/proc/" + entry + "/cmdline") || "";
+                    if (index(cmdline, "/usr/bin/tachyon") >= 0) {
+                        if (index(cmdline, "start") >= 0 || index(cmdline, "restart") >= 0 || index(cmdline, "reload") >= 0 || index(cmdline, "stop") >= 0) {
+                            tachyon_cli_running = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
+            proc.close();
         }
 
         if (tachyon_cli_running) {
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/servers.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/servers.uc
index a2f51ce1..b7c21815 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/servers.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/servers.uc
@@ -11,20 +11,14 @@ let int_option = common.int_option;
 let array_or_empty = common.array_or_empty;
 
 function safe_filename(value) {
-    value = as_string(value);
-    let result = "";
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let ch = substr(value, i, 1);
-        result += match(ch, /^[A-Za-z0-9_.-]$/) ? ch : "_";
-    }
-    return result;
+    return replace(as_string(value), /[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]/g, "_");
 }
 
 function string_to_hex(value) {
     value = as_string(value);
     let result = "";
     for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++)
-        result += sprintf("%02x", ord(substr(value, i, 1)));
+        result += sprintf("%02x", ord(value, i));
     return result;
 }
 
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/urltest.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/urltest.uc
index 4ea34a3c..419c36be 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/urltest.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/singbox/urltest.uc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function normalized_country_list(values) {
 }
 
 function byte_at(value, index) {
-    return ord(substr(value, index, 1));
+    return ord(value, index);
 }
 
 function regional_indicator_letter(value, index) {
@@ -90,14 +90,24 @@ function regex_matching_tag_array(tags, names, regexes) {
     tags = array_or_empty(tags);
     names = object_or_empty(names);
     regexes = array_or_empty(regexes);
+    
+    let compiled = [];
+    for (let pattern in regexes) {
+        let pat_str = as_string(pattern);
+        if (pat_str != "") {
+            try {
+                push(compiled, regexp(pat_str));
+            } catch(e) {}
+        }
+    }
+    
     let result = [];
-
     for (let tag in tags) {
         let name = names[tag];
         name = name == null || as_string(name) == "" ? tag : as_string(name);
 
-        for (let pattern in regexes) {
-            if (regex_matches(name, pattern)) {
+        for (let re in compiled) {
+            if (match(name, re) != null) {
                 push(result, tag);
                 break;
             }
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/parser.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/parser.uc
index fa35b64c..f024a601 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/parser.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/parser.uc
@@ -6,36 +6,9 @@ function as_string(value) {
     return value == null ? "" : "" + value;
 }
 
-function trim(value) {
-    value = as_string(value);
-    let start = 0;
-    let end = length(value);
-
-    while (start < end) {
-        let c = substr(value, start, 1);
-        if (c != " " && c != "\t" && c != "\r" && c != "\n")
-            break;
-        start++;
-    }
-
-    while (end > start) {
-        let c = substr(value, end - 1, 1);
-        if (c != " " && c != "\t" && c != "\r" && c != "\n")
-            break;
-        end--;
-    }
-
-    return substr(value, start, end - start);
-}
-
 function first_non_ws_char(value) {
-    value = as_string(value);
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let c = substr(value, i, 1);
-        if (c != " " && c != "\t" && c != "\r" && c != "\n")
-            return c;
-    }
-    return "";
+    let m = match(as_string(value), /^[ \t\r\n]*([^ \t\r\n])/);
+    return m ? m[1] : "";
 }
 
 function starts_with(value, prefix) {
@@ -83,14 +56,7 @@ function is_true(value) {
 }
 
 function is_integer_string(value) {
-    if (type(value) != "string" || value == "")
-        return false;
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let code = ord(substr(value, i, 1));
-        if (code < 48 || code > 57)
-            return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+    return type(value) == "string" && match(value, /^[0-9]+$/) != null;
 }
 
 function xhttp_value_present(value) {
@@ -1687,39 +1653,14 @@ function metadata_clean_text(value, max, decode_base64) {
         value = decoded == null ? "" : decoded;
     }
 
-    let cleaned = "";
-    let last_space = false;
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let char = substr(value, i, 1);
-        let code = ord(char);
-        if (code < 32 || code == 127)
-            char = " ";
-
-        if (char == " ") {
-            if (!last_space)
-                cleaned += " ";
-            last_space = true;
-        }
-        else {
-            cleaned += char;
-            last_space = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    cleaned = trim(cleaned);
+    let cleaned = trim(replace(replace(value, /[\x00-\x1f\x7f]/g, " "), / +/g, " "));
     if (cleaned == "")
         return null;
     return length(cleaned) > max ? substr(cleaned, 0, max) : cleaned;
 }
 
 function metadata_has_control_or_space(value) {
-    value = as_string(value);
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let code = ord(substr(value, i, 1));
-        if (code <= 32 || code == 127)
-            return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+    return match(as_string(value), /[\x00-\x20\x7f]/) != null;
 }
 
 function metadata_clean_url(value) {
@@ -1733,23 +1674,13 @@ function metadata_clean_url(value) {
 
 function metadata_clean_number(value) {
     value = metadata_trim_text(value);
-    if (value == "")
+    if (value == "" || value == null)
         return null;
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let code = ord(substr(value, i, 1));
-        if (code < 48 || code > 57)
-            return null;
-    }
-    return value;
+    return match(value, /^[0-9]+$/) != null ? value : null;
 }
 
 function metadata_replace_path_separators(value) {
-    let result = "";
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let char = substr(value, i, 1);
-        result += (char == "/" || char == "\\") ? "_" : char;
-    }
-    return result;
+    return replace(as_string(value), /[\/\\]/g, "_");
 }
 
 function metadata_content_disposition_filename(value) {
diff --git a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/share_link.uc b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/share_link.uc
index 29a8a58a..f12138f7 100644
--- a/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/share_link.uc
+++ b/tachyon/files/usr/lib/subscription/share_link.uc
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ function starts_with(value, prefix) {
 function uri_encode(value) {
     value = as_string(value);
     let result = "";
-    for (let i = 0; i < length(value); i++) {
-        let char = substr(value, i, 1);
-        let code = ord(char);
+    let len = length(value);
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        let code = ord(value, i);
         if ((code >= 48 && code <= 57) ||
             (code >= 65 && code <= 90) ||
             (code >= 97 && code <= 122) ||
-            char == "-" || char == "_" || char == "." || char == "~")
-            result += char;
+            code == 45 || code == 95 || code == 46 || code == 126)
+            result += chr(code);
         else
             result += sprintf("%%%02X", code);
     }
@@ -30,10 +30,7 @@ function uri_encode(value) {
 }
 
 function base64_encode(value) {
-    let encoded = b64enc(as_string(value));
-    while (length(encoded) > 0 && substr(encoded, length(encoded) - 1) == "=")
-        encoded = substr(encoded, 0, length(encoded) - 1);
-    return encoded;
+    return replace(b64enc(as_string(value)), /=+$/, "");
 }
 
 function host_port(server, port) {
diff --git a/tests/luci_dynamiclist_layout.sh b/tests/luci_dynamiclist_layout.sh
index 41919666..ec7d412b 100644
--- a/tests/luci_dynamiclist_layout.sh
+++ b/tests/luci_dynamiclist_layout.sh
@@ -3,12 +3,18 @@ set -eo pipefail
 
 ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
 SECTION_JS="$ROOT_DIR/luci-app-tachyon/htdocs/luci-static/resources/view/tachyon/section.js"
+# Normalize SECTION_JS line endings to a temp file to prevent sed parsing failures on CRLF checkouts
+SECTION_JS_LF="$(mktemp)"
+tr -d '\r' < "$SECTION_JS" > "$SECTION_JS_LF"
+SECTION_JS="$SECTION_JS_LF"
+trap 'rm -f "$SECTION_JS_LF"' EXIT
 
 fail() {
   printf 'FAIL: %s\n' "$1" >&2
   exit 1
 }
 
+
 wrapper_styles="$(sed -n '/^\.fkp-button-add-dynlist > \.add-item {$/,/^}$/p' "$SECTION_JS")"
 button_styles="$(sed -n '/^\.fkp-button-add-dynlist > \.add-item > \.cbi-button-add {$/,/^}$/p' "$SECTION_JS")"
 urltest_options="$(sed -n '/^function addUrlTestItemOptions(/,/^function priorityLevelSettingsForValidation(/p' "$SECTION_JS")"